朗閣海外考試研究中心

眾所周知，托福聽力是四科當(dāng)中難搞定的，也是重要的。對(duì)于很多學(xué)生來說，托福聽力的lecture又長又乏味，很難全部理解。即使很多同學(xué)在練了一段時(shí)間的聽抄，基本能聽懂文章的大意后，做題正確率還是不太理想。經(jīng)常聽到學(xué)生在那喃喃自語，“我已經(jīng)聽懂文章的大意了啊，為什么還是會(huì)錯(cuò)呢”，“聽第二遍的時(shí)候一下子就聽出來了啊”。

其實(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)候，同學(xué)們的聽力水平已經(jīng)沒有問題了，問題在于抓不到文章的結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)，也就是說能聽懂文章的大意，對(duì)于文章的細(xì)節(jié)很容易遺漏。下面，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將幫助考生們解析如何在聽聽力的時(shí)候預(yù)測(cè)出題點(diǎn)并且準(zhǔn)確的抓住出題點(diǎn)，提高托福聽力的正確率。

一、托福聽力lecture出題點(diǎn)總結(jié)

根據(jù)考試規(guī)律和多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，朗閣專家總結(jié)出托福聽力講座出題點(diǎn)一共有以下幾個(gè)：

文章開頭

轉(zhuǎn)折&強(qiáng)調(diào)&語氣變化處

因果關(guān)系

列舉&舉例

學(xué)生提問

其實(shí)很多老師都會(huì)告訴學(xué)生這些地方是重點(diǎn)，在聽聽力的時(shí)候，一旦聽到這些一定要非常注意，可是有很多學(xué)生卻抓不住這些點(diǎn)，即便他們知道這些方面是重點(diǎn)。首先我們先把這些點(diǎn)具體化，看在聽力中這些點(diǎn)是如何表現(xiàn)出來的：

文章開頭

文章的開頭之所以要很認(rèn)真的聽，而且一定要聽到是因?yàn)槲恼碌拈_頭關(guān)系到主旨大意題。托福聽力文章的開頭一般分為兩個(gè)方面：一種是開門見山式，即文章一開頭教授就會(huì)說”Today, we are going to talk about...”；一種是迂回式，即教授先說之前的課講了什么，比如“Last class, we talked about…”中間會(huì)講很多內(nèi)容，但是這些都是上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容，教授在講完后會(huì)說“But, today, we are going to talk about…”這時(shí)才是這節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容。如何快速的進(jìn)入聽力狀態(tài)，一是平常練習(xí)的時(shí)候，不管外界環(huán)境有多大的干擾，都要鍛煉自己瞬間進(jìn)入聽力狀態(tài)，文章的前兩句話一定要聽懂。那么，主旨大意題就可以直接搞定。

列舉&舉例

列舉，即把事物或者特征或者例子一個(gè)個(gè)的舉出來。在托福聽力中的體現(xiàn)為對(duì)某個(gè)事物的特點(diǎn)的列舉，或者對(duì)事物的幾個(gè)方面的列舉，或者幾個(gè)不同的事物的列舉。比如聽力通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)first, second; on the one hand, on the other hand; first, then; some, others等。所以在聽到這些提示詞時(shí)，一定要認(rèn)真聽，而且要記下來。列舉通常對(duì)應(yīng)多選題，根據(jù)近年來托福聽力的考試趨勢(shì)，多選題出現(xiàn)頻率越來越高，所以一定要重視聽力中出現(xiàn)的列舉。

舉例，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)不同于文章主旨大意的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)一定要記住這個(gè)例子。舉例對(duì)應(yīng)功能題，所以在出現(xiàn)“for example”，“for instance”，“such as”，“l(fā)ike”等詞時(shí)要注意例子的具體名稱是什么，這樣在聽力題目中一旦出現(xiàn)例子至少不會(huì)覺得陌生，而且能夠根據(jù)筆記快速回憶起對(duì)應(yīng)的聽力中的內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確答出題目。

轉(zhuǎn)折&強(qiáng)調(diào)&語氣變化處

轉(zhuǎn)折即文章中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方，常見的對(duì)應(yīng)標(biāo)志詞有“however，but，while，yet”等。聽力過程中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多這種轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞，但并不是每個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方都會(huì)出題，但是基本會(huì)有一道題目和轉(zhuǎn)折相關(guān)，所以為了保險(xiǎn)起見，建議同學(xué)們每一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)都認(rèn)真聽，然后記下來。

強(qiáng)調(diào)&語氣變化處，相對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)折來說標(biāo)志詞沒那么明顯，所以在聽力過程中很容易被忽略。強(qiáng)調(diào)的標(biāo)志詞有in fact，actually，really等。演講者在講這些詞的時(shí)候一般都會(huì)放慢語速，所以強(qiáng)調(diào)和語氣變化經(jīng)常一起出現(xiàn)，因此同學(xué)們?cè)诼犃r(shí)要特別注意。

因果關(guān)系

與轉(zhuǎn)折一樣，因果關(guān)系是聽力中常見考點(diǎn)。主要的標(biāo)志詞有because，so，lead to，therefore等。因此這些地方也是大家聽力時(shí)需要特別注意，記錄的地方。

學(xué)生提問

學(xué)生提問的標(biāo)志非常明顯，所以大家在聽到提問的時(shí)候好在草稿紙上做出標(biāo)記，要記得這個(gè)地方有學(xué)生提出了問題。學(xué)生提問一般會(huì)考到兩個(gè)方面：一是會(huì)考到重聽題，會(huì)問學(xué)生的態(tài)度，比如學(xué)生說這句話是什么意思；而且會(huì)考老師給出的回答。所以要聽清楚學(xué)生提出的問題以及學(xué)生說話的態(tài)度暗含的潛臺(tái)詞，同時(shí)又要聽出老師的回答。

下面以托福TPO 1-Part 1-Lecture 1為例解釋如何預(yù)測(cè)出題點(diǎn)。

Professor:

Ok, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semesterI want you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact,butit’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.

The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to yousinceshe’s a relatively young artist.But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism.Soyou’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?

Student:

Well, Impressionismstarted in the late 19th century. Um … the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um … Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.

Professor:

Good. What else? What were the subjects?

Student:

Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes,uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.

Professor:

Good. So when you go to the exhibit,I reallywant you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene.And you will see it right as you enter the gallery.The reasonI think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionistaspect of Frantzen’s style.It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionist side of her work.

Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. Oneinterestingthing I read aboutFranzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals.And the reasonFrantzen went there,and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work—that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.

So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzen’s work?

Student:

Um … real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.

Professor:

Good. One other paintingI reallywant you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins.You will notice that the woman’s face is so realisticlooking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism.But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes,and, it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. There’s lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.

I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story.Buthere’s a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life anyway.She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that.Butwhat’s important is that you keep at it that you don’t give up. That’s what is really important to remember.

文中用紅色部分標(biāo)出的是我們之前總結(jié)的考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)的地方，也就是需要特別注意聽，特別注意記錄的地方。下面我們看一下題目，看這些點(diǎn)是不是涵蓋了所有的題目。

6.What is the purpose of the lecture?

To explain the difference between two artistic styles

To describe a new artgallery to the class

To introduce an artist's work to the class

To show how artists' styles can evolve over time

7. What does the professor say about Frantzen's painting of a farm scene?

It resembles a photograph

It may be Frantzen's best known painting

It was painted in the Impressionist style

It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad

8.Why did Frantzen go to the Sales Barn?

To study human form and movement

To earn money by painting portraits

To paint farm animals in an outdoor setting

To meet people who could model for her paining

9.What does the professor imply about the painting of the young woman surrounded by pumpkins?

It was painted at an artfair

It combines Impressionism with Realism

It convinced Frantzen that she was a good illustrator

It was originally meant to be used in an advertisement

10.Why does the professor discuss Frantzen's difficulties as a young painter?

He wants to point out mistakes that young artists commonly make

He thinks her example can inspire the students in their own lives

Her difficulties remindhimof the difficultieshe himself experienced as a young girl

Her difficulties are the subject of some of the paintings in the gallery thatthe students will visit

11.What does the professor imply when he saysthis?

The students canunderstand Frantzen's artwithout knowing about her life

The students should pay very close attention to what he is going to say

Some of hisstudents are already familiar with Frantzen's life story

Someofhisstudentsmaynot appreciate Frantzen'swork

文中陰影部分是正確答案出現(xiàn)的地方?？梢詮奈闹星宄目吹轿覀兲崆邦A(yù)測(cè)的出題點(diǎn)涵蓋了所有的題目答案。因此同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候當(dāng)聽力基本功已經(jīng)扎實(shí)的時(shí)候，可以從這個(gè)方面來提高正確率。